Talìa lu còdici di Calannariu grigurianu

Lu '''calannariu grigurianu''' eni lu [[calannariu]] ca eni usatu nta la maggiuritati di lu [[munnu]].<br />
Accuminzau a ssiri utilizzatu nta lu [[1582]].<br />
Rimpiazzau lu pricidenti [[calindariu giulianu]] picchini lu calindariu giulianu ci avia n'irruri: iuncìa n'[[annu bisistili]] (cu nu [[jornu]] su piecchiu ogni quattr'[[annu|anni]] senza eccizziona.<br />
A lunghizza di lu annu giulianu era isattamenti 365.25 jorna, ma lu tiempu attuali p'a [[Tirra]] di fari lu motu di rivoluzzioni intorna a lu [[Suli]] na vota eni chiu vicinu a 365.2425 jorna. A diffirenza eni di circa 10 minuti ogni annu.<br />
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Mi sono confuso qui quindi lascio in inglese..
"Staciuni" in siciliano significa anche "primavera" o "primavera+estate"....

Chissu fici nesciri a [[staciuni]] fora assi, datu chi lu primu jornu di la [[staciuni]] in western [[Europe]] (the [[equinox]] - day and night the same length) was happening earlier and earlier before the traditional [[March 21]] as the centuries went by.  By the [[1500s]], it was starting around [[March 11]], ten days 'too early' according to the calendar. So what they did was to move the calendar forward ten days in 1582, and at the same time to make sure it didn't happen again. To do this, they made an exception to the previous 'leap year rule' (add February 29 every four years).  There would be no February 29 for every year that ends in 00 - unless it could be divided by 400.  So the year 2000 was a leap year anyway, because it can be divided by 400, but 2100, 2200, and 2300 will be [[common year]]s, with no February 29.

It was first suggested by the [[Naples|Neapolitan]] doctor Aloysius Lilius, and was made official by [[Pope Gregory XIII]], for whom it was named, on [[February 24]], [[1582]].

== Adoption ==
Not every country started using the new calendar straight away.  [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]], and most of [[Italy]] started to use the new calendar on Friday, [[15 October]] [[1582]], following Julian Thursday, [[October 4]] [[1582]]. The Spanish and Portuguese colonies adopted the calendar later due to the slowness of communication in those days. [[France]] adopted the new calendar on Monday, [[20 December]] [[1582]], following Sunday, [[December 9]] [[1582]].<ref>[http://www.norbyhus.dk/calendar.html#France Toke Nørby. The Perpetual Calendar: What about France?]</ref> 

The Protestant [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] provinces of Holland and Zeeland also adopted it in December of that year, but most non-Catholic countries objected to because they said the new calendar was a Catholic invention. 

The [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] and the rest of the [[British Empire]] (including the eastern part of what is now the [[United States]]) adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752; by which time it was necessary to correct by ''eleven'' days (Wednesday, [[September 2]] [[1752]] being followed by Thursday, [[September 14]] [[1752]]).

===Alaska===
In [[Alaska]] Friday, [[October 6]], [[1867]] was followed by Friday, [[October 18]] [[1867]].  The day was still called Friday because when the [[US]] bought Alaska from Russia, the [[International Date Line]] was changed when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.

===Russia===

In the [[USSR]] [[October Revolution]] of 1917 was celebrated in November.  In 1917 the Russian Empire still used the old [[Julian Calendar]].  Changing the calendar meant 365 after the revolution started was now in November 1918w

===Greece===
[[Greece]] was the last country of Europe to adopt the Gregorian calendar. Wednesday, [[15 February]] [[1923]]  was  followed by Thursday, [[1 March]] [[1923]], 

===Churches=== 
In 1923 most [[Eastern Orthodox]] Churches changed to the Gregorian calendar.  Christmas Day is the same as the Catholic and Protestant churches, but the date of Easter continues to be worked out differently.

The Russian Orthodox Church did not want this change, so Russian Christmas Day is about two weeks after the rest of Europe.

===Japan===

[[Japan]] adopted the Gregorian calendar's way of working out leap years on [[1 January]] [[1873]], but the months have numbers instead of names.  Japan also starts year one with each new reign, but use reign names not the name an emperor might be best known by in the west.  For example the reign names ''Meiji'' year 1=1868, ''Taisho'' 1=1912, ''Showa'' (Emperor Hirohito) 1=1926, ''Heisei'' (Emperor Akahito) 1=1989, and so on. The "Western calendar" (西暦, ''seireki'') using western year numbers, is also widely accepted by civilians and to a lesser extent by government agencies.

== The ''Old Calendar'' today ==
===Old Style and New Style dates===
Some old dates in Britain used to be shown with two years.  For example King [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] died on [[30 January]] 164<math>8/9</math>.  This is because Britain did not start a new year until March, so for a few months it was one year in Britain and the next year in Europe.  The letter OS (for ''Old Style'') and NS (for ''New Style'') are also used sometimes.  Charles I died ''30 January 1648 (OS)''  but the  way we worrk out dates today we woud say 30 January 1649.   <ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=26211#s5 House of Commons Journal Volume 8, 9 June, 1660] Regicides.</ref>  The difference is important working out how old somebody was, or where to look if researching old documents.

===British Tax===
In the old calendar the year started on March 25. <ref>(24 March 1648 for example was followed by 25 March 1649)</ref> This became [[5 April]], and was used as the first day of the year for working out taxes and rents.   Taxes and rents went on using the old way of working out leap years so in 1800 the year started on [[6 April]]. But it was not changed  in 1900, so the tax year in the [[United Kingdom]] still begins [[6 April]].

==Timeline==
<timeline>
DateFormat = yyyy
ImageSize  = width:800 height:auto barincrement:38
PlotArea   = left:20 right:20 bottom:20 top:10
Colors     =
  id:noir              value:black
  id:canvas            value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)
  id:gris              value:gray(0.80)
  id:grilleMajor       value:rgb(0.80,0.80,0.80)
  id:bleuclair         value:rgb(0.56,0.56,0.86)
  id:rouge             value:red
  id:rougeclair        value:rgb(0.86,0.56,0.56)
  id:bleuclair         value:rgb(0.76,0.76,0.96)
  id:grilleMinor       value:rgb(0.86,0.86,0.86)

Period     = from:1550 till:2050
TimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
AlignBars  = justify
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:50 start:1550 gridcolor:grilleMinor
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:1600 gridcolor:grilleMajor
BackgroundColors = canvas:canvas bars:canvas
BarData=
  bar:epoque
  barset:evennement

PlotData=
  bar:epoque shift:(0,0) width:30
  from:start till:end color:gris # Arri?re plan

  from:start till:1581  text:"Julian~calendar" color:rougeclair  anchor:from
  from:1582  till:end   text:"Gregorian calendar" color:rouge
  barset:evennement color:noir shift:(2,0) width:25

  from:1582  till:1582  text:"1582~Spain, Portugal,  and their possessions;~Italy, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"   shift:(2,5)
  from:1582  till:1582  text:"1582~France, Netherlands, Savoy, Luxembourg"
  from:1583  till:1583  text:"1583~Austria; Catholic Switzerland and Germany"
  from:1587  till:1587  text:"1587~Hungary"
  from:1605  till:1710  text:"1605-1710~Nova Scotia" color:bleuclair anchor:from
  from:1610  till:1610  text:"1610~Prussia"
  from:1582  till:1735  text:"1582-1735~Duchy of Lorraine" color:bleuclair anchor:from
  from:1648  till:1648  text:"1648~Alsace"
  from:1682  till:1682  text:"1682~Strasbourg"
  from:1700  till:1700  text:"1700~Protestant Germany, Switzerland;~Denmark & Norway (and Iceland)" shift:(2,5)
  from:1753  till:1753  text:"1753~Sweden & Finland"

  #To start again the indentation in top
  barset:break
  at:1752 #blank line
  at:1752 #blank line
  at:1752 #blank line
  at:1752 #blank line
  from:1752  till:1752  text:"1752~Great Britain and its possessions"
  at:1760 #blank line
  from:1760  till:1760  text:"1760~Lorraine (Habsburg -> France)"
  at:1584 #blank line
  at:1584 #blank line
  from:1584  till:1584  text:"1584~Bohemia and Moravia"

  #To start again the indentation in top
  barset:break
  from:1811  till:1811  text:"1811~Swiss canton of Grisons"
  from:1867  till:1867  text:"1867~Alaska (Russia -> USA)"
  from:1873  till:1873  text:"1873~Japan"
  from:1875  till:1875  text:"1875~Egypt"
  from:1896  till:1896  text:"1896~Korea"
  from:1912  till:1912  text:"1912~Albania"
  from:1915  till:1915  text:"1915~Latvia, Lithuania"
  from:1916  till:1916  text:"1916~Bulgaria"
  from:1918  till:1918  text:"1918~Russia, Estonia"
  from:1919  till:1919  text:"1919~Romania, Yugoslavia
  from:1922  till:1922  text:"1922~USSR"
  from:1923  till:1923  text:"1923~Greece"
  from:1926  till:1926  text:"1926~Turkey"

  #To start again the indentation in top
  barset:break
  from:1912  till:1912  text:"1912 & 1929~China"  shift:(2,5)

</timeline>

People sometimes use the term N.S. or New Style to mean the Gregorian calendar, with Old Style (or O.S.) meaning the Julian calendar.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Catigurìa:Calendars]]
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